How To Invest Your Money Safely

November 30, 2008


When it comes to making investments, most people know that there is always room for a possible loss. Stock market investments in particular are rather notorious for taking a rather well funded portfolio and emptying it rather quickly. Of course, that does not happen all the time, otherwise no one would do it. If, on the other hand, you do not want to take what many consider to be an unnecessary risk, there are a number of other investments that are reasonably safer, can still bring a good return, and are definitely worthwhile. Here are a couple of them.

A common phrase that is often used these days to refer to the making of your investments safer is having a balanced portfolio. This means that you are not putting all of your eggs into one basket. You know that some markets are a much greater risk than others, such as trading on the stock market, and so you put some of your investment capital into some that are much safer and less likely to be lost. This “balance,” created by placing some of your investment into a variety of potential interest bearing accounts, should result in an overall gain.

Investments Depend On The Person

If you are a young person, then it should mean that you would be willing to take a higher risk (assuming you have some capital that may be lost). The possibility of the highest gains, unfortunately, also come from the markets with the potential for the highest change. This means that there is a much greater likelihood of a real loss - especially if you do not know what you are doing. By using the services of an experienced trader however, a stockbroker that has been doing it for years, you minimize the possibility of loss. But you should only invest a portion of your finances into the stock market.

If, on the other hand, you are much closer to retirement age, then you do not want to take such a risk with your funds. Instead, you would want to place your soon to be needed funds into a much more stable growth account, where the loss can be minimized and yet still bring a return in interest.

Stable Investing In Trust Funds

If you are looking to stabilize your investments in the stock market with something that is relatively sure, then you need to consider mutual funds. This form of investing places your investment into the hands of investors that basically do the investing for you. They watch the market, manage the funds, and make the changes necessary in order to keep your account growing. After you inform them of what level of risk you are willing to take, then the rest is done for you. They take your funds and spread them over a diverse sort of investments, and it gives you a much more stable package.

The Most Stable Investment - Bonds

Probably the most stable investment you can make is to buy bonds. The safest, of course, are the US Savings Bonds. These are purchased at a set price and guarantee a set interest amount in a specified time period. You cannot get much safer than that - and probably not much is safer than the US Government - investment wise. If you are looking for the highest stability available, then you need to take some of your investment portfolio and add some bonds to it. Bonds are also available from other corporations, cities, etc., but their strength is limited to the financial strength of the company. The longer the time period of your investment - the greater the risk that the company may not be around.

In addition to creating a balanced portfolio, you need either to become very knowledgeable about financial investing, or you need to seek professional counsel. Many people lose a lot of money every year simply because of unnecessary risks. These risks would never have been taken if they had sought counsel from someone who knows much more than they did about the market and investing methods. A truly balanced portfolio will also have an expert to help guide you through the many potential hazards of the investment world.
Joe Kenny writes for the Personal Loans Store, allowing visitors to compare loans and also focuses on personal loans in the UK.
Visit Today: http://www.ukpersonalloanstore.co.uk

Negotiating a Real Estate Purchase Top 6 Tips

November 30, 2008


Negotiating may be the most critical part of the real estate purchase process. Being able to strike an advantageous deal with the seller virtually guarantees your profit. Negotiating is both an art and a skill that you will master with time and practice. Here are six tips to get you started.

Know the Property

You should know as much as possible about the real estate purchase you’re about to make. This knowledge comes from researching the neighborhood and knowing how the property compares to others around it.

Know the Seller

The best way to learn more about the seller is to listen. People will be more likely to volunteer information if you give them a chance to talk. But if you aren’t finding out what you need to know, ask questions. Understanding the seller’s situation and their possible flexibility will help you negotiate financing options as well as price.

You also need to find out what the seller’s motivations are. Why are they selling? Understanding the reasons behind the sale can help you structure a deal that meets their needs and yours.

Think Win-Win

The best real estate purchase deals result from negotiations that seek to provide something to both parties. There are certain things you want out of the deal and certain things the seller wants in order to sell. Every real estate purchase has several facets. If you can give the seller something they want, that will increase your chance of getting something you want.

Negotiate Terms, Not Just Price

Price is not your only negotiating point. Sometimes the terms of the deal are more important to the seller than the price. Once again, if you can address the seller’s needs in a real estate purchase, your offer will be more persuasive.

Maintain Control

If the seller counters your offer with an offer of his own, don’t let things spiral out of control. Prepare for counter offers by starting your negotiations low. Don’t focus on price, but use other aspects of the deal in your negotiations. Don’t re-negotiate things that have already been decided.

Be Prepared to Move On

Don’t walk away from an attractive real estate purchase without offering your best deal, but know when it’s time to walk away. There will always be another property.

As you can see from these tips, negotiating a real estate purchase is more than two people in a room. Negotiations are won or lost in the preparation. Achieving the outcome you desire depends on your research and mental preparation.
Discover exactly how Sal Vannutini combined two of the easiest (yet brutally powerful) real estate investing strategies and made an insane $31,510 Profit In Just 49 Days… And How You Can Do The Same!”. Visit www.FixerUpperFortunes.com.

Horrible Hump Day Can Be Better With A Cash Advance

November 30, 2008


If you are one of the millions of average people who have one of those jobs that allow you to get by, but barely, then no one has to tell you what Hump day is. It is Wednesday of course, the middle of the work week with at least a couple of more days to go until payday. We are usually glad to see Wednesday come around because it means we are half way to the weekend, but that is not always a good thing if you are also out of money about this time.

It has always been a struggle for those of us who have to live on a budget that is so tight that sometimes there is just absolutely no where that you can squeeze out another $50 or $100 bucks to get us through the rest of the week. It can be a bad situation if you need gas just to get back and forth to work so you can get paid on Friday.

People that have better paying jobs may not understand how easy it is to find your self in this situation. Sometimes no matter how hard you try there is just not enough money to go around for the basic necessities of life. If you have no credit and no savings of any kind, there is just no a lot you can do.

Something that is helping many people to make it through these days is payday loans. These businesses are popping up everywhere and are the answer to prayers for some. These businesses offer short term loans for a decent fee that you can get with no credit check. The only requirements at most of these places are your most recent checking account statements and proof that you have a job.

These types of loans will allow you to obtain a small loan, usually up to a few hundred dollars, that can get you through until you get paid again. If you borrow $200 hundred dollars, the fee will normally be about $25 or $30 dollars for two weeks. If you can not repay the loan when it is due, the majority of the businesses will let you pay the fee and set the loan up again.

Now, this might seem like a good idea at the time, and if you are in a real bind, it can be helpful. Just remember that when you take out a payday loan you should never borrow more than you need because it will have to be paid back sooner or later.
Dror Klar is a writer in the field of finances and is currently assisting those in need of cash advances and payday loans, particularly in the state of California.

Forex Professional Market Investor Reveals A Short Cut To Mastering Stock Market Investing Rules

November 29, 2008


To operate effectively in any forex market investing environment, you need rules and boundaries to guide your behaviour. No matter what system you`ve developed, the potential exists to do financial damage to yourself - damage that can be greater than you think is possible. There are many types of trades which the risk of loss is unlimited.

To prevent this kind of loss, you need to create an internal structure in the form of guide lines that determine your behaviour so you always act in your own best interest. This structure has to be internal because the market won`t provide it for you. The markets provide structure in the form of behaviour patterns that indicate when an opportunity to buy or sell exists. But that`s where the structure ends; with a simple indication. Nothing happens until you decide to start or forex market investing; you continue to trade as long as you want; and there is no end until you decide to stop.

All the beginnings, middles, and endings of your trades are the result of your interpretation of the information available from the market. However, while the average trader may want the freedom to make these choices, but that doesn`t mean they are ready and willing to accept the responsibility for the outcomes. The reality of forex market investing is that, if you want to be successful, you have to accept that no matter what the outcome may be, you are completely responsible. Not the market, not the economy, not world events - you.

Traders who are not ready to accept this responsibility can find themselves in a dilemma: How do you participate in an activity that allows complete freedom of choice and avoid taking responsibility if the outcomes of your choices are poor? This can be accomplished by adopting a forex market investing style that is random. Random trading can be defined as poorly planned trades, or trades that are not planned at all.

Randomness in trading is unstructured freedom without responsibility. When we trade without well-defined plans and with an unlimited set of variables, it`s very easy to take credit for the trades that turn out to our liking, because in our minds we used some kind of method. But at the same time, it`s very easy to avoid taking responsibility for the trades that didn`t turn out the way we wanted, because there`s always some variable we didn`t know about and therefore couldn`t take into consideration beforehand. Random forex market investing is an unorganized approach that doesn`t allow you to find out what works and what doesn`t.

If the market`s behaviour were truly random, then it would be difficult, if not impossible, to create consistent results. If it`s impossible to generate consistent results, then we really don`t have to take responsibility. However, direct experience with the market tells a different story. The same market behaviour patterns present themselves over and over again. Even though the outcome of each individual pattern is random, the outcome of a series of patterns is consistent and statistically reliable.

These patterns can aid your forex market investing if you choose to use a disciplined, organized, and consistent approach. Many traders spend hours doing market analysis and planning trades for the next day. Then, instead of making the trades they planned, they do something else. The trades they make are usually ideas from friends or tips from brokers. By making unstructured, random trades, they are able to avoid responsibility.

Why would they do this? When you act on your own ideas, you put your abilities on the line and get instant feedback on how well your ideas worked. It`s difficult to rationalize away any unsatisfactory endings, since they`re the direct results of actions. On the other hand, when you enter an unplanned, random trade, you shrug off the responsibility by blaming your friend or broker for their bad ideas.

The nature of forex market investing itself also makes it easy to escape responsibility. Any trade has the potential to be a winner, whether you`re a great analyst or a poor one. It takes a lot of effort to create and follow a disciplined approach that will make you a consistent winner. But, if you invest the effort, you can achieve success as a trader, and reap the benefits of the market.
Who Else Wants To Learn A Simple, Step-By-Step System For Generating Quick & Easy Profits, Trading Forex? - FREE FOR A LIMITED TIME - http://www.forexcurrencytradingsystems.com/index.php

Protecting Your Good Credit

November 29, 2008


It’s safe to say that if you have built a good credit score, you’d like to keep it that way. Who wouldn’t? There are a few simple things to remember when you are maintaining your credit score. Even though some of them may seem too simple to even mention, unfortunately, life is sometimes just distracting enough to make you forget about your credit score completely. Don’t fall into this bad habit. Maintaining your good credit is a matter of discipline.

Remember to make bill payments on time. This is crucial to keeping your credit score safe. It is almost like being in school again and showing off a great grade to your peers, because just like your peers, the creditors are just as proud of you for doing something great. By paying off your bills, not only are you preventing those annoying collection calls from occurring, you are improving your score. The reason for this is that when you are caught up with your bills, lenders see this as being a good sign that you will be able to pay back any money that you may request and will more than likely give you the money that you request because they know by your credit history that you are capable of making responsible payments. If you have had problems remembering when to pay bills before they are due, write them on the calendar every month. A simple reminder may be just what you need to help get those payments in on time.

If you have a good credit score, but can foresee rougher roads ahead, maybe you should consider debt consolidation. This is a way to combine all of your bills into one payment that is distributed amongst the companies that need to be paid. This takes all the guess work out of paying bills, no longer do you have to consider how much to pay and when to pay to whom. You see, even though you are paying what might appear to be a larger payment, in fact you are paying a lower payment to each individual company, but they are all getting their money on time. Creditors see this as being very responsible and it will most definitely improve your score or maintain an already satisfactory one.

Simply remembering to pay your bills on time can keep your score at a great level with no chance of falling. When you are responsible in bill payment your credit score will reflect just that-this is why it’s called “Credit”, because you are gaining person creditability for your financial history.
Tom Ambrozewicz, mortgage and real estate broker since 1993, is one of the pioneers in using breakthrough audio technology on his web sites. You can read or you can listen to professional narrator reading to you. You can check all credit tips at Ask-How.info now.

0percent APR Credit Cards Tips and Tricks

November 29, 2008


Credit cards can be considered to be one of the many basic necessities of the modern world. Credit cards are available nowadays in abundance. One type of credit card specifically is the so-called 0% APR credit card. 0% APR credit cards were introduced in the late 1980’s and to this day has still proven to be one of the most sought-after credit card types available anywhere. As with all credit card types, there are a certain tips and tricks surrounding 0% APR credit cards that all potential card applicants should be made aware of.

With the help of a 0% APR credit card, it means that you need not only pay the outstanding balance; and what more you could even charge up to the limits without having to sustain any monthly interest charges. However, sometimes, one tends to think just how these credit card companies can afford to provide 0% APR credit cards, and make a profit out of it?

Although 0% APR credit cards may not comprise any monthly charges, it is sure to come with annual fees which you are obliged to pay for the privileges of a 0% APR credit card. These annual fees usually run from $15 to $20 or sometimes, even higher. Having a 0% APR credit card doesn’t mean that you can pay your dues whenever and whichever way you intend to. It IS necessary to make your payments on time, or else, you will have to pay for high overdue fees. For each late payment, the 0% APR credit card holder has to pay fees that may range from $20 to $40. With habitual late payments, these meager amounts may accumulate to a hefty total!

It should be remembered that 0% APR credit cards are usually offered for only a stipulated period of time. This credit card interest may hold good for only a fixed period of time, usually ranging from 3 up to 15 months. On the completion of this period, a higher rate of interest may come in vogue, usually 12% or higher. You could easily transfer any existing credit card balances to a new 0% APR credit card to get 0% interest on the transferred balance. In this way, the credit card holder has to pay less interest for a stipulated period of time, and thus get a chance to clear outstanding balances as quickly as possible.

When applying for a 0% APR credit card, it is always better to read the terms and agreements of the credit card. Not to overstate an obvious question, but why should one do so? Simply because many credit cards may come with a default rate wherein late payments not only incur a late payment fee, but it would also include a default rate that will be added to the annual percentage rate. This in turn doubles the figures on the existing balances and on the new purchases made on the card moving forward. Ouch!

One very important point to take into account when applying for a 0% APR credit card is to read all paragraphs of the agreement, otherwise known as the fine print. This is because though it is illegal for a credit card company to hide their fees and charges, it is nonetheless legal for them to mention these points in small print! The 0% APR credit card companies thus usually announce in large and bold print about their 0% APR but hide the facts that this is only for a limited period of time and any extra fees which might be included are done so in very fine print.

Another trick that is up the sleeve of 0% APR credit card companies is to install sky-high APR’s right after the amount of 0% APR balance transfers are paid down. In other words, the money you first pay to the credit card company is applied to the transfer, and any other purchases you make will be charged a high APR. Sometimes, credit card companies may also go to the extent of sending you a different card than the 0% APR credit card you had initially applied for. In this way, you are not allowed the 0% APR but a different card offer with different terms and conditions. The card issuers typically rationalize this behavior based on the card issuer determining that you do not meet the qualifications for a 0% APR credit card. Qualifications for a 0% APR credit card is usually found in the small print of the agreement, and is usually overseen by applicants!

It can thus be seen that though 0% APR credit cards do seem to be rather inviting, there are some loopholes and tricks to their use. As always, it is highly recommended to read the terms and conditions on the card application agreement for the 0% APR credit card, or any type of credit card application, thoroughly in order to avoid any future problems, headaches or financial surprises.
For more information on 0% APR credit cards, Robert Alan recommends that you visit CreditCardAssist.com

Can You Afford To Retire

November 28, 2008


Looking to make investments for retirement always seems to be something that you think I’ll do it in another few years. However, anyone thinking in this way couldn’t be more wrong. It is vital that these days you start to think about that rainy day whilst still in your twenties and thirties because everyday you put it off could mean you have to work longer, and who really wants to work until they are in their seventies?

The way our country is today things do look pretty bleak for the future. The government is more involved with making money available to go to war than keeping the social security system in a healthy state. For many retirement seems to be fading into the distances - more of a maybe than a reality. So it is down to you as an individual whether you purchase IRS’s or put your money towards the purchase of gold coins to safeguard your future, it is something that has to be done.

Really, I am not qualified to give you advice about investing for retirement. No one simply writing an article can explain to you what plan is right for your long term financial needs. The best way to learn how to invest for retirement is to talk to a qualified financial consultant. That way, you will get the opinions of an expert, custom tailored for your needs and your financial situation. Honestly, although everyone needs to think about investing for retirement, not everyone needs to go about it in just the same way, and so having a plan that is correctly made to fit your needs is the only sure way of doing it.

The best thing about investing for retirement today is that it will eliminate years of worry. Not planning for retirement is not going to make the problem go away, and the chances are that you will be concerned about the future whether or not you have an investment plan. If you can begin investing for retirement sooner, then that will be one more thing that you can get off of your mind, and cease to worry about. Your independent financial expert will be able to advise you on your individual circumstances and have it all taken care of for you, then you will be able to sit back and watch your savings grow at a steady and useful rate. There is nothing better than that.
Discover more articles discussing retirement and senior living at http://seniorstips.com

Do Not Lose Your Shirt With a Margin Account

November 28, 2008


The key to the FOREX market for the average investor is the margin. Without margin trading currency trading would be beyond most investors. I will explain what the margin is and how it works.
When you have a margin account you are able to control large amounts of currency with a relatively small cash deposit. When you have a margin account with a broker you are in effect borrowing money from the broker to control a larger lot of currency. Currency is normally sold in lots with a value of $100,000. A common term used when discussing margin accounts is leverage. Leverage is how much you can control with a certain amount of money. The leverage is usually displayed as a ration such as 1:100. That would allow you to control currency worth 100 times the amount of money you have invested.
To better explain this in a FOREX exchange with a 1% margin account you could control $100,000 worth of a currency while only investing $1000. Margin accounts can allow you to greatly increase your profit; they also allow you to increase your risk. With a margin account it is possible for a trader to lose more than their initial investment. With a little prudence though losses can be minimized. Most brokers will terminate a trade before the losses exceed the original deposit.

Benefits
As discussed before a margin account allows you to buy more with the money you have which can greatly increase your profit on successful trades. By controlling a $100,000 worth of currency for only $1000 the potential gain is greater. When dealing with large lots of currency even small changes can produce significant results.
Currency on the FOREX market is traded in far more precise units than actual cash is. As an example the American dollar is traded down to four decimal points. So when you were to quote the dollar against another currency you will see a price like $1.7834 instead of $1.78. A PIP is the smallest unit when trading currencies, when dealing with $100,000 lots then each pip is worth about $10.
If the price of the American dollar changes from $1.7834 to $1.7934, you have a net difference of 100 pips. If you have a lot of $100,000 then that 100 pips will translate to $1000 where as if you were not using the margin your original $1000 would only show a profit of $10. Hardly what most would consider a highly profitable trade?
In short the primary benefit of using a margin account is that it can greatly increase the profit margin of a trade.

Risks
Since there is such a significant increase in profit potential when using a margin account it only stands to reason that there is also an increase. In fact it is quite possible to have your entire margin account wiped out fairly quickly. When using a 1% margin account a shift in the currency of a single penny will cost you $1000.
The FOREX exchange has many safety features to help you reduce the risk of this happening. One example is a stop loss order. A stop loss order will automatically close out your position in a currency if the price crosses the point you have set. This allows you to limit your losses while still having the opportunity to realize a profit.
Another risk that many people overlook is that if the price nears the point where your losses are close to being equal to the value of your margin account your broker may close out your position. If you were trying to rid out a temporary downturn that you expect to turn around soon you could find that your broker has closed it causing you to lose your entire balance and have no option to make a profit if the price moves up again.

This is a basic introduction to margin accounts and how they work, visit the website listed below to learn more about the FOREX market.
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Investment Scams and How to Avoid Them

November 27, 2008


Most people, especially those new to the investment arena, do not realize there are a number of common scams which are used to victimize investors each year.

The misconception about investing scams is that most smart investors believe they will “know one when they see one” - this is simply not true. Especially in the modern marketplace were criminals have all the resources of the world wide web to create realistic investing schemes which capture the investors attention as well as their money.

The anonymity of the world wide web is a breeding ground for scam artists targeting individuals who so desperately want to get rich quick. Many of these criminals will set up web pages with news letters, forums, and prospectus for companies which do not even exist.

These sites are design with information including success stories from other investors. This is used to lure new investors in. By following un-research claims an investor can easily lose his investments, retirement, and education funds.

Remember professional investors live by the mantra that customers buy products but investors buy securities. Do not be lured in but what merely sounds good. The key is to keep a keen ear for what sounds and is valuable. Major red flags include the use of emotional and subjective words in combination with an investing recommendation.

If you become interested in a stock there are several ways to check if it is a valid stock tip or not. The first place to start is research the company that the stock is for. Take a look at their financial statements to get an idea of how well the company is doing by checking both income and debts. If both of those are in order call the company and speak with human resources. Ask them to validate th claims in the newsletter, email or web page are true. These are great ways to check if a stock tip is fact or fiction.

Another great place to look for information about a specific company is the SEC. Public companies must register with and file yearly reports to the SEC to document their growth and development.

These reports are thoroughly checked to make sure they are truthful and accurate. This helps not only to confirm if you have a valid investment but will also document if the company’s profits are going to continue to increase or decrease.

Access to the SEC and public companies can easily be found on the world web wide. If the advertisements claim to have certain investors feel free to call those companies and confirm their investments and their satisfaction with the company.

Many scam artists will use high profile company names to make the document more alluring to potential investing victims.

Additionally the NASD can be contacted. This organization helps states’ regulate securities and has all the information needed to verify if a company is real or not.

Only through being an aggressive and educated investor can you utilize your money to it’s fullest potential. Take the time to do the research, ask the questions, and if something feels funny, go with your gut.

There are plenty of real investing opportunities out there if you take the time to look.
More Articles & Tutorials and a Free Investing For The Beginner E-Course at http://www.Global-Investment-Institute.com

Renting Is A Great Alternative When Looking For Durham North Carolina Homes

November 27, 2008


Renting a Durham, North Carolina house can be a quick and inexpensive way to comfortably stay in town for a short period of time. If you aren’t planning to stay for more than a few years, it isn’t a good idea to take out a mortgage and buy property. But if you are used to living in a house, then apartment dwelling might not be an easy transition for you.

Renting a house is a perfect compromise. You will have a large and comfortable place to stay, without being forced to make a long-term financial commitment. But if you have never rented before, you may find the process daunting. Therefore, exercise caution when looking for a Durham, NC home to rent. As long as you follow a few guidelines, you will have a satisfactory experience.

First, determine specifically what you want in a Durham home. Will you live by yourself? Do you want to bring a pet with you? How much space do you need? How much rent can you comfortably pay? Make a handy little list to use as your guide when considering the many Durham,

North Carolina rental home choices which will surely present themselves. This will speed up your decision making. Does it have a smaller number of rooms than you have on your ideal list? Are pets not allowed? Is it too expensive? You’ll know, by consulting your list, if it is immediately out of the question. You will have eliminated the necessity for long inner debates. And when you do find a house that you would like to rent, you’ll know it almost immediately.

Also before you start to search for a Durham, NC home to rent, you should gather all of your personal documents which will affect your ability to rent. Credit records, references, recommendations from your previous landlord, or letters from the school you are attending.

You never know what a prospective landlord will request to see when considering you for the rental. Therefore if you have everything together and immediately accessible, you will appear both professional and prepared. This will give you a great advantage when being considered for a Durham, North Carolina home rental. The more you can show the landlord that you are responsible and trustworthy - and not likely to be a big party animal - the better advantage you’ll have over other applicants.

When you have found the perfect Durham home to rent, ask to see a copy of the lease you will be required to sign. The house might be a dream, but if the contract is a nightmare then your stay will be very unpleasant. Look for details about utilities, visitor policies, pets, and insurance.

If anything is unclear to you, hire an attorney to look over the contract with you. It may cost a bit, but it will be money well spent to make sure the legal contract is acceptable to both you and the landlord before signing. If you find anything that you disagree with, you can either try to negotiate it with the landlord, compromise, or move on and find a different Durham, North Carolina home to rent.

Overall, the process of renting can be quick and easy. You only have to make sure that you are getting exactly what you set out to find, and not compromising in any way, and can come to terms with the landlord over the lease agreement. You will find an acceptable Durham, North Carolina home to rent in no time at all.
For the complete Durham NC Area Guide with information on the city of Durham NC, Hotels, Durham Restaurants, Durham NC Real Estate, and Durham Yellow Pages please visit http://durhamnc.areaguides.net/. Please direct any comments on this article to lmieditorial@searchinfluence.com.

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U.S. Government Required Disclaimer - Options trading has large potential rewards, but also large potential risk. You must be aware of the risks and be willing to accept them in order to invest in the options markets. Don't trade with money you can't afford to lose. This website is neither a solicitation nor an offer to Buy/Sell options. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those discussed on this website. The past performance of any trading system or methodology is not necessarily indicative of future results.

HYPOTHETICAL OR SIMULATED PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE CERTAIN LIMITATIONS. UNLIKE AN ACTUAL PERFORMANCE RECORD, SIMULATED RESULTS DO NOT REPRESENT ACTUAL TRADING. ALSO, SINCE THE TRADES HAVE NOT BEEN EXECUTED, THE RESULTS MAY HAVE UNDER-OR-OVER COMPENSATED FOR THE IMPACT, IF ANY, OF CERTAIN MARKET FACTORS, SUCH AS LACK OF LIQUIDITY. SIMULATED TRADING PROGRAMS IN GENERAL ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE FACT THAT THEY ARE DESIGNED WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFIT OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN.